A molar pregnancy or gestational trophoblastic disease is one of the rarest abnormalities in a pregnancy. In this case, the abnormality sets in right at the time of fertilization of the egg by the sperm. A quickly growing mass of cysts takes the place of a developing fetus and placenta in the uterus due to chromosomal abnormalities. This cluster of cysts is called hydatidiform mole and resembles a bunch of grapes. Molar pregnancies are of two types - complete and partial. In the case of a complete molar pregnancy, there is no embryo and the placental tissue structure is abnormal.
In a partial molar pregnancy, embryonic tissue as well as molar tissue develops together. However, these embryos are deformed and can never grow into normal babies.
High blood pressure, increased vaginal discharge, spotting or vaginal bleeding and a high level of hCG hormone are some of the indicators of molar pregnancies.
However, these symptoms are not unique to molar pregnancies. Hence, it is difficult to diagnose molar pregnancies just based on these symptoms. Sonograms and intensive pelvic examinations can reveal the actual status of the pregnancy.
On confirmation of a molar pregnancy, the immediate step in treatment is the complete removal of the abnormal tissue from the uterus. This is done through invasive methods like dilation and evacuation (D&E) or suction curettage. The procedure is conducted under anesthesia so that the patient does not feel any pain during the process. Medication may be prescribes to reduce the risk of further complications. So as to check the reoccurrence of molar tissue, tests are conducted on a regular basis to check the hCG levels. hCG is the hormone that is released into the bloodstream in the case of a pregnancy. Hence, these tests assist in keeping check on recurrent molar growth. Molar pregnancies should not be taken lightly as they have the ability to develop into trophoblastic cancer. Since most cases are diagnosed at an early stage, the abnormal tissue rarely gets a chance to spread outside the uterus. Hence, this form of cancer can be curbed by chemotherapy.
The common feelings that follow a molar pregnancy are that of depression, guilt or the fright of getting cancer. These feelings need to be overcome. Feelings should not be bottled up as they lead to greater discomfort. Speaking to friends and relatives or joining a support group helps in the recovery process. The good news is that women who have experienced a molar pregnancy can still have normal children of their own.
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